Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash. As long as people have been living in settlements and residential areas, garbage or solid waste has been an issue. Waste management is all about how solid waste can be changed and used as a valuable resource. Solid waste management should be embraced by each and every household including the business owners across the world. Industrialization has brought a lot of good things and bad things as well. One of the negative effects of industrialization is the creation of solid waste.
Solid-waste management, the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and insects.
Wastewater is any water that requires cleaning after it is used. This includes water that has been used for laundry, bathing, dishwashing, toilets, garbage disposals, and industrial purposes. Wastewater also includes rainwater that has accumulated pollutants as it runs into oceans, lakes, and rivers. Pollutants are unwanted chemicals or materials that contaminate air, soil, and water.
The goal of wastewater management is to clean and protect water. This means that water must be clean enough so that it can be used by people for drinking and washing, and by industry for commercial purposes. It also must be clean enough to release into oceans, lakes, and rivers after it has been used.
Wastewater is usually divided into two major groups: point source wastewater and non-point source wastewater. Point source wastewater includes wastewaters that enter natural waters (such as lakes, rivers, and oceans) from defined locations. The most common point sources are sanitary sewers and storm drains. Non-point source wastewater is wastewater that is not connected to a specific source. This includes runoff (water that drains away) from agriculture and urban (city) areas, and acidic waters from mines. In many ways, point source wastewater is much easier to manage because its source and the pollutants it contains are known. Non-point source wastewater, on the other hand, is both hard to identify and treat.
India shares 16% of the world population, while its land is only 2% of the total geographical area of the world. Naturally, the pressure on the land is often beyond its carrying capacity. Therefore, the productive lands, especially the farmlands in the India are in the constant process of various degrees of degradation and are fast turning into wastelands. At present, approximately 68.35 million hectare area of the land is lying as wastelands in India. Out of these lands, approximately 50% lands are such non-forest lands, which can be made fertile again if treated properly. It was unprotected non-forestlands, which suffered the maximum degradation mainly due to the tremendous biotic pressure on it. In the last 50 years it is India’s lush green village forests and woodlots have been deforested to the maximum. It is precisely to restore this ecological imbalance by developing the degraded non-forest wastelands, Govt. of India had created the Department of Wasteland Development during July,1992 under the Ministry of Rural Development, which has been subsequently reorganized and renamed Department of Land Resources, with a broader mandate.
Wasteland Development Board was established in 1985 under the Ministry of Forests and Environment mainly to tackle the problem of degradation of lands, restoration of ecology and to meet the growing demands of fuel wood and fodder at the national level.
Renewable energy sources—solar, hydro, wind, and so forth—are attractive because they are nonpolluting and do not require imported fuel. They have made less progress in the Third World than might be expected, perhaps because the technologies are not entirely developed, perhaps because the technologies are not well known. In many cases the alternative to a renewable energy source is a diesel engine that does emit pollutants and requires imported—in most cases—fuel. The advantage of the diesel engine is its reliability—the design has been perfected over many years. It is unfair and unwise to promote a technology, including renewables, that is not as reliable, when installed, as a diesel engine. Renewable energy can be less expensive and socially more beneficial in many Third World situations, and its use should be considered very seriously, but it should not be installed unless it be useful.
Renewable energy sources (RES) are gaining an increasing importance in the distribution system and they are predicted to play a more important role in the near future. Indeed, each year new generation plants are connected to the distribution networks and it appears clear that they can be no longer considered as negative loads to be connected and forgotten.
Water management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources. Water is a basic necessity. No living creature can live without water. There’s a scarcity of water. To avoid this scarcity, water is saved and managed efficiently.
Water management is the management of water resources for the coming generations. Water is one the most crucial natural resource for the existence of the human beings. In India out of our total ground water availability we use 6% for domestic use and another 5% for industrial purpose the remaining 89% goes for Agriculture.
The water cycle, through evaporation and precipitation, maintains hydrological systems which form rivers and lakes and support in a variety of aquatic ecosystems. Wetlands are intermediate forms between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and contain species of plants and animals that are highly moisture dependent.
Renewable energy sources—solar, hydro, wind, and so forth—are attractive because they are nonpolluting and do not require imported fuel. They have made less progress in the Third World than might be expected, perhaps because the technologies are not entirely developed, perhaps because the technologies are not well known. In many cases the alternative to a renewable energy source is a diesel engine that does emit pollutants and requires imported—in most cases—fuel. The advantage of the diesel engine is its reliability—the design has been perfected over many years. It is unfair and unwise to promote a technology, including renewables, that is not as reliable, when installed, as a diesel engine. Renewable energy can be less expensive and socially more beneficial in many Third World situations, and its use should be considered very seriously, but it should not be installed unless it be useful.
Renewable energy sources (RES) are gaining an increasing importance in the distribution system and they are predicted to play a more important role in the near future. Indeed, each year new generation plants are connected to the distribution networks and it appears clear that they can be no longer considered as negative loads to be connected and forgotten.
